The ideal condenser only dissipates the latent heat so that the condensate temperature is equal to the saturation temperature (boiling point of water) corresponding to the condenser pressure. This arrangement is compact & heat exchange is more efficient. The steam condenser is broadly classified into two types: The surface condensers are designed to condense and deactivate the steam coming out of the main turbine and provides a heat sink for the turbine bypass system. The air extraction pump expels air from the condenser and creates a vacuum inside it. The steam condenser is an essential component of all modern steam power plants.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'theengineerspost_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_2',683,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-theengineerspost_com-medrectangle-3-0')}; A steam condenser has the following two objectives: The essential elements of a steam condensing plant are as shown in the figure. Surface condenser\n\nThe surface condensers are designed to condense and deactivate the steam coming out of the main turbine and provides a heat sink for the turbine bypass system. After condensation of steams, the condensate is pumped into the hot well with the help of a condensate extraction pump. At the same time, the air flow is created to circulate over the water film. The steam enters from the bottom and travels upwards, facing the cooling water moving downwards. A portion of the tubes is examined with a baffle. It is connected to the air extractions pump & condensate extractions pump. More power is required for air and water pumping in direct contact condensers. Hence the cooling water is sprayed over the finned pipes. But this capital cost can be recovered by saving the cost of running better thermal efficiency (i.e., higher). Despite these advantages, jet condensers are not common in thermal power plants, especially due to the loss of condensate.\n\nParallel Flow Jet Condenser:\n\nIn a parallel flow jet condenser, both steam and water enter the top & the mixture is removed from the bottom. In the converging cones, pressure energy is partly converted into kinetic energy. In the surface condenser, the cooling water comes into the boiler through the lower half of the tubes in one direction. | Centrifugal Pump Working Principle | Working of Centrifugal Pump. In this system, heat rejection occurs at atmospheric temperature by condensing the steam emanating from the prime mover.\n\nCondensate can be reused as feed water to the boiler. Quantity of cooling water required is less. In it, the condensation passes through the exhaust steam emitted from the turbine or engine. Latent heat is referred to the heat needed to turn a solid into a liquid or vapor without temperature change. Home > Heat Exchanger > Steam Condenser: Basics, Parts, Advantages and Disadvantages. Due to the complicated design, the initial cost is high. It consists of horizontals cast-iron cylindrical vessels filled with tubes through which cool water flows. Also, Read:What Is Wilson-Hartnell Governor? The water tubes pass horizontally through this space. This tube is usually made of stainless steel, copper alloy, or titanium-based on several selection criteria such as thermals conductivity or corrosion resistance. In this, the condensation passes through the exhaust steam emanating from the turbine or engine. There are three main types: air-cooled, evaporative, and water-cooled condensers. The ends of the condenser are cut off by vertical perforated type plates into which, the water tubes are attached. The condensate extractions pump, which is located at the bottom, creates suction. The circulating cooling water performs the extraction of the heat from the steam. This suction pipe has an air extraction pump in the center of the tube nest. Condensate is collected at the bottoms of the condenser & pumped into the hot well. The steam condensers receive exhaust steam from one end and come into contact with the cooling water circulating within it from the cooling tower. In the jet condenser, the cold water is sprinkled on the exhaust stream, and there is a direct contact between the exhaust stream and the cooling water. Also, Read:What Is Centrifugal Pump? As a result, the entire condensate can be reused in the boiler. The hot water coming out of the condenser is pumped into the cooling tower so that it cools down and supplies it to the condenser. As low-pressure steams comes in contact with cold water, it condenses and transforms into water. | What Are Boiler Accessories? from top to bottom). In the Ejector condenser, the cooling water is injected from above. During the condensation process, steam gives heat energy to the coolant (which is water). Read Also: Boiler Mountings and Accessories: Types, Working. In parallel flow jet condensers, both the steam and water enter at the top and the mixture is removed from the bottom. It does this with the help of cold water circulating in it from the cooling tower. Condensate, cooling water and airflow downwards and are removed by two separate pumps known as an air pump and condensate pump. A steam condenser is an essential component of all modern steam power plants. The maximum vacuum can be attained and it gives the highest. Titanium condenser tubes are generally the best technical choice; however, titanium is a very expensive material, & the use of titaniums condensers tubes is associated with a very high initial cost.\n\nIn generals, there are two types of surface condensers: waters-cooled surface condensers, air-cooled surface condensers. A low-level or counter-flow jet condenser is shown in the figure. It falls on the perforated conical plate to turn into a large number of jets. | What Is Compression Ignition Engines? In this article, you will learnwhat is Steam CondenserandIts working principle, advantages and types of steam condenser with PDF. As the steam and cooling water mix, the steam condenses. The condensed steam is known as condensate. As a result of this, the steam circulating inside the pipe is condensed. Since cold water and steam do not mix, condensate is reclaimed, and any type of cold water can be used. So, its temperature increases, and it can be used as the feed water to the boiler. At the top of the condenser, a couple of nozzles are installed to spray cooling water. There are no direct contacts between the exhaust stream and cold water in the surface condenser.\n\nThe steam coming out of the LP turbines is condensed by passing over the tubes containing water from the cooling system. In the central flow condenser, steam enters the top of the condenser and flows downward. The condensate pump moves the condensate to the hot well. To supply pure water to the hot well and water from the hot well is again pumped into the boiler with the help of a boiler feed pump. The figure shows a two-pass downflow surface condenser. "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Advantages of Steam Condenser:","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"This allows the reuse of condensate for feed water and therefore reduces the cost of electricity generation.\nThe temperatures of the condensates are higher than the feed water. This condenser also has multiple convergent nozzles that help reduce the pressure inside the condenser. The surface condensers are classified based on the condensate flow direction, the arrangement of the tubes, and the installation of the extraction pump, as follows: In this type of surface condensers, the steam enters at the top portion of the condenser. Because the condensate contains salt, it cannot be utilized as feed water to the boiler. The thermal's efficiency of the plants can be improved by the use of condensers. This condenser is also known as the shell and tube type condenser. Finally, there is again a divergent nozzle that converts the kinetic energy into the pressure energy and increases the pressure at the condenser exhaust to help extract the condensate from the condenser. For higher capacity plants, the use of surface condensers is more suitable than direct contact condensers. | Boiler Mountings and Accessories | Difference between the boiler mountings and accessories, Parts and Functions of Grinding Machine | Grinding Machine | Grinding Machine Types, What Is Centrifugal Pump? If you found this post helpful share with your friends. Titanium condenser tubes are generally the best technical choice; however, titanium is a very expensive material, & the use of titaniums condensers tubes is associated with a very high initial cost. Therefore, when the steam condenses into water, it re-circulates again to the steam generator with the help of a condensate extraction pump. The tubes are placed inside these plates in such a way as to prevent any water leakage into the center of the condenser space. A flow of cooling water is continuously circulating from the condenser inside a steam condenser to the cooling tower and the cooling tower to the condenser. Jet condenser sometimes loses some of the condensate and needs much power to pump during the condensation process. The volume of water circulating in the direct contact condenser is less than that of the surface condenser. However, in some cases, the mixture of cooling water and condensate is not allowed, and this type of condenser cannot be used. | Parts of Dial Gauge Indicator | The Internal Arrangement of Dial Gauge | Working of Internal Parts, Here, the different Advantages of steam condenser are as follows, Also, Read:Keyless Remote Battery Is Low | When Does Key Fob Battery Replacing Replacing? In low-level jet condensers, the engine may remain flooded, if condensate extraction pump fails. Boiler Mountings and Accessories: Types, Working. Condensate extraction pump is not needed for high level and ejector condensers. Due to these placements of the suctions pipes in the center of the tube nesting, and the exhaust steam passes radially inside the tubes towards the suction pipe. Another problem with condensers is air leakage. In counter flow jet condensers (or low-level jet condensers), the air pump is installed at the top. The air extraction pump expels air from the condenser and creates a vacuum inside it. Jet condensers require less amount of cold water for condensation of steam due to a more intimate mixture of steam and cold water.\n\nIn general, jet condensers require fewer building spaces & are simpler to manufacture and lower in capital costs. It is connected to the air extractions pump & condensation extraction pump. This principle is employed in evaporative condensers. | Steam Condenser | Working Principle of Steam Condenser | Types of Steam Condensers. This principle is employed in evaporative condensers. Therefore, pure condensate can be obtained, which can be reused in the boiler. The steam enters at the bottom and mixes with the fine spray of cooling water. Air extraction pump is a pump which extracts (i.e. Due to the larger size of surface condensers, more floor space is required. After condensations of steams, the condensate is pumped into the hot well with the help of a condensate extraction pump. | Parts of Dial Gauge Indicator | The Internal Arrangement of Dial Gauge | Working of Internal Parts, Keyless Remote Battery Is Low | When Does Key Fob Battery Replacing Replacing? This type of steam condenser can be used when the supply of cold water is limited.\n\nIt consists of horizontals cast-iron cylindrical vessels filled with tubes through which cool water flows. Due to this placement of the suction pipe at the centre of the tube nest, and the exhaust steam passes radially inside over the tubes towards the suction pipe. Finally, the pump conveys it to the hot well. To maintain pressure below the atmospheric pressure at the outlet of the steam turbine so as to obtain the maximum possible energy. In a parallel flow jet condenser, both steam and water enter the top & the mixture is removed from the bottom. In a direct contact-type condenser (e.g., jet condenser), vacuum efficiency is low. Jet condensers require less amount of cold water for condensation of steam due to a more intimate mixture of steam and cold water. | Wilson Hartnell Governor | Construction of Wilson Hartnell Governor | Working of Wilson Hartnell Governor, What Is Boiler Mounting? Or in other words, it is a device used to condense turbine exhaust steam into water. The surface condenser is applied in ships because it can transfer only a limited amount of water to the boiler. Condensate is collected at the bottoms of the condenser & pumped into the hot well.\n\nRegenerative Condenser:\n\nIn a regenerative surface condenser, the condensate is heated using the regenerative method. | How to Replace a Keyless Remote Battery. It works to achieve two main objectives. When the supply of cooling water is limited, evaporating the circulating water under small partial pressure can reduce its quantity required for condensing the steam. The condensate can be recovered for re-use as feed water. | Difference Between S.I. Also, Read:Parts and Functions of Grinding Machine | Grinding Machine | Grinding Machine Types. The steam enters the bottoms and mixes with a fine spray of cold water. As the steam mixes with water, it condenses. The pressure inside a steam condenser is kept below atmospheric pressure to increase efficiency. In this, the condensation passes through the exhaust steam emanating from the turbine or engine. The temperature of the condensate is similar to that of cold water coming out of the condenser. Since the cooling water and the condensate come out in one stream, it is necessary to reuse the condensate with water treatment. The Man Behind MechanicalJungle. In generals, there are two types of surface condensers: waters-cooled surface condensers, air-cooled surface condensers. Condensate can be reused as feed water to the boiler. A condensers function is to allow high pressure and temperature refrigerant vapor to condense and eject heat. It is similar to a lower-level condenser, except that the condenser shell is placed at the height of 10.36 m (barometer height) above the hot well. This reduces the amount of water vapour escaping with air. Heat Exchanger vs. Chiller: Which One is the Best for You? The exhaust steam from the steam engine or steam turbine enters at the top of a series of pipes outside of which a film of cold water is falling. The temperatures of the condensates are higher than the feed water. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'theengineerspost_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',673,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-theengineerspost_com-banner-1-0')}; The air extraction pump extracts air from the condenser and produces a vacuum inside it. It is a pump between the condenser and boiler, which receives condensate pumped by the condensate pump. The vacuum is made at the top of the shell of the condenser. The exhaust steam enters from the top and flows over a nest of tubes. {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"What Is Steam Condenser? This exhaust lowers the steam temperature and allows more work to be achieved. Boiler feed pump pumps the condensate from a hot well to a boiler. The air is removed by an air pump separately from the top. The surface condenser has a great advantage over the jet condensers, as the condensate does not mix up with the cooling water. It is similar to a lower-level condenser, except that the condenser shell is placed at the height of 10.36 m (barometer height) above the hot well. Required fields are marked *. It is a pump installed between the condenser and the cooling tower. The amount of cooling water needed for heat exchange purposes is almost low. So, due to low pressure, the exhaust steam is drawn into the condenser through the no-return valve and mixed with the condensate and the cooling water. Due to the low pressure inside the condenser, the air enters the system so that the condenser is filled with a mixture of water, air, and steam. As low-pressure steams comes in contacts with cold water, it condenses and transforms into water. Finally, the surplus hot water moves to the cooling tank or cooling pond through an overflow pipe. In the central flow condenser, steams enter the top of the condenser and flows downstream. A steam condenser is a mechanical device employed to condense exhaust steam of the turbine into the water. Hey, I am Rajkumar. The maintenance and repair of this type of condenser are relatively expensive. Unlike surface condensers, the maintenance costs of direct contact condensers are low. The steam condenser takes exhaust steam from one end and contacts cooling water circulating within it from the cooling tower on the other. This is the basic phenomenon of how steam condensers work; in the next part, we will look at the classification of steam condensers and how each type of condenser works. | Wilson Hartnell Governor | Construction of Wilson Hartnell Governor | Working of Wilson Hartnell Governor. It enhances the efficiency of the steam generation plant remarkably.
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