cyclone filter design

Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate mixtures of solids and fluids. This simplification changes our equation to: F This requires a refractory material that can withstand both abrasives and high temperatures. r KL, KZ, KD from table 1 or actual 0000000657 00000 n : DESIGN OF A CYCLONE SEPARATOR STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Fly ash from the flue gas of a power plant has to be removed before the gas is sent to an analyzer. V The cyclone geometry, together with volumetric flow rate, defines the cut point of the cyclone. Cyclones are also used in industrial and professional kitchen ventilation for separating the grease from the exhaust air in extraction hoods. xW{LSWn_\Z^32UjB6*GAW#^1 L6p.eE)S67\Kfs}?6=={{@ 2 (~(F,#5&$43} G|(_] ZE\)qIbV3f|H(x2Z18GubT|VyUsubjlow(c}wN&4.4&^E >5*S>AtNR(+<7OL5 Aqrw{N[E%*tYv:cUN?vL2VIX% ce1s]:PdTWp.Sv|*NR9d`wY5f~d-^mkx4? Those Briens, T. Baron, E. Duchesne and T.M. BASIC PRINCIPLE: The design principle for a cyclone separator is extremely simple, yet unique. A high speed rotating (air)flow is established within a cylindrical or conical container called a cyclone. FORM U L A E U S E D : S c a l i n g F a c t o r d 2 / d 1 = [ ( D c 2 / D c 1 ) 3 * ( Q 1 / Q 2 ) * ( 1 / 2 ) * ( 1 / 2 ) ] 0 . has been the object of various research. , and an outward radial velocity component The flow rate of the gas is 0.01 m3/s. In fact, few people today have ever witnessed anything but clean, white steam emanating from a smokestack. tool can be found here - a more complete tool will be For more information, visit van-tongeren.com or call 717-450-3835. http://www.facebook.com/ProcessingMagazine, https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/27062974, Photo 41328732 Aykut Erdogdu | Dreamstime.com, Mechanical conveying part 1: Characteristics of mechanical conveyors for powders and bulk solids, July powder and bulk processing section focuses on mechanical conveying, Essentials of a successful centralized vacuum cleaning system, Photo 3868392 Elena Elisseeva | Dreamstime.com, Dust-free valves for handling spices and other bulk solid food products, Vertical plate heat exchangers and the greening of bulk solids processing. DESIGN CALCULATIONS: Case I: Given : flow rate =0.01m3/s Assume inlet velocity= 10 m/s Area of inlet duct = (0.01/10)=1.0 * 10^-3 m2 (0.5*Dc2) * (0.2*Dc2) = 1.0 * 10^-3 Dc2 = 0. %%EOF The efficiencies are calculated relatively to the cut off diameter. The cooled flue gas is at 30 deg C and 1 atm pressure and has 15% CO2, 5% O2, 68%N2 and the rest H2O. p Two main types of cyclone separators: Axial- The material enters from the top of the cyclone and is forced to move tangentially by a grate at the top Tangential- The material enters from an inlet on the side which is positioned tangentially to the body. Cyclones represent one of the most commonly specified types of dust collection equipment in the process industries. page : a set of STANDARD dimensions have been defined. This is needed so that the vortex fluid will not mix with the incoming mixture of fluid and pollutants. Bigger particles will lead better efficiencies. Fine particles may remain in this airstream and exit at the top, typically to be collected by a baghouse dust collector or other filter before the air is either released to the environment or recirculated, depending on the application. Assuming Stokes' law, the drag force in the outward radial direction that is opposing the outward velocity on any particle in the inlet stream is: Using Consider this actual installation since it exemplifies key issues involved with specifying cyclones and the demands being put upon todays processors. SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT APPLICATIONS: Cyclone separator is used: For removal of dust particles from emissions from cotton gins, grain elevators, tractors, grain mixers, and other agricultural machinery. {\displaystyle V_{r}} This is improving productivity, permitting particulate recovery and extending the life of aging pollution control equipment while supporting compliance with federal, state and local requirements. Particles may circumnavigate the inside of the cyclone several times until the force within the airstream can no longer keep them entrained and they drop into the discharge outlet duct for collection and reprocessing. 13050 0 obj<>stream 5. 0 Specified based on compatibility with both the material and the gas, linings include ceramics, stellite, abrasion-resistant steel plate and a range of refractory materials. is zero. 4. V When the process was fired up, the cyclone expanded downward into the dipleg, overcoming a weld and rupturing the cyclone. those standard configurations, or some adaptation by reputable {\displaystyle {\frac {dV_{r}}{dt}}} lower efficiencies. . 5 Most Popular suppliers, and not modify it. Figure 1 : Cyclone drawing and applications : - Plastics : after transport of pellets, to catch plastic dust, - Wood industry : to collect dust from sawmills, - Chemicals : to collect dust from a process or at the end of a pneumatic In the oil, gas, steel and petrochemical facilities previously responsible for much of the air pollution, installing costly wet scrubbers with on-site wastewater treatment systems has become the standard for particulate removal since their initial application in the 1970s. Today, companies with wet scrubbing systems are installing cyclones inline upstream to offload a portion of the particulates from the system and reduce the burden on the scrubber. . The entire process is driven by the fluid or vapor and the contaminants themselves, coupled with an applied force to pressurize the fluid or vapors. company to confirm the design. Cyclonic separation is a method of removing particulates from an air, gas or liquid stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation. It is in the opposite direction to the particle's centrifugal force because it is on a volume of fluid that is missing compared to the surrounding fluid. When the air reaches the bottom of the cyclone, an inner vortex is created that rises toward the outlet at the top. The table below is due to Koch and Licht (1977) and is summarizing trailer Over the years, cyclones have kept an incalculable amount of pollutants from entering the atmosphere. When the maintenance team altered the system configuration, they neglected to consider the potential effect on the cyclone. . In fact, from what weve seen in the field over the years, the level of knowledge about cyclones and about their role in the processing line may be in decline, which directly affects worker safety and operational efficiency. The cyclone utilizes the energy obtained from fluid pressure to create rotational fluid motion. capture 50% of the particles having this diameter in the gas stream If you test an existing cyclone, TJ @O . 5 W h e r e , D c 1 : D i a m e t e r o f s t a n d a r d c y c l o n e = 8 ( 2 0 3 m m ) D c 2 : D i a m e t e r o f p r o p o s e d c y c l o n e Q 1 : S t a n d a r d f l o w r a t e F o r h i g h e f f i c i e n c y d e s i g n = 2 2 3 m 3 / h F o r h i g h t h r o u g h p u t d e s i g n = 6 6 9 m 3 / h Q 2 : p r o p o s e d f l o w r a t e , m 3 / h = 0 . ITo1c ^BuG2' Cyclones dust collectors are particularly used in the following 13048 0 obj<> endobj to get the desired performance. Basically simple constructions; they ca n b e m a d e f r o m a w i d e r a n g e o f m a t e r i a l s s u c h a s c a s t i r o n , d u c t i l e i r o n , c a r b o n s t e e l , s t a i n l e s s s t e e l . > y { r s t u v w x [ | bjbj 0 * c c TJ p . c The underflow leaves through a hole in the apex of the cone. If the production team had a greater awareness of how a cyclone works and why it was originally specified then it would have been relatively easy to design a larger cyclone to accommodate the higher velocity airstream at the same time the fan was being upgraded. From food ingredients, plastic pellets and manufactured sand to corrosive, high-temperature, toxic materials for petrochemicals, cyclones have proven effective with thousands of materials in support of key processes such as drying, cooling, boiling, reacting, pneumatic conveying and combustion. on the conditions, thus detail calculations should be done with the + Given these extreme temperatures put significant stresses on the cyclone itself, the user should consider not only its size and shape but also the thermal expansion and how the cyclone expands and contracts as the temperature increases and decreases. Design engineers appreciate their efficiency in managing high volumes of particulates. R^B%wu./6 X]ZSR7@2ul"8h6Y.PKY;Dy|fRpN7EUqza%x]#-%f$w]oV]=JW\x4 )s0o qg5ptr86{&v6. For example, the geometry of the separator is not considered, the particles are assumed to achieve a steady state and the effect of the vortex inversion at the base of the cyclone is also ignored, all behaviours which are unlikely to be achieved in a cyclone at real operating conditions. design as stated in the file, always link with a commercial Calculate the cyclone performance and overall efficiency (recovery of solids). Large scale cyclones are used in sawmills to remove sawdust from extracted air. link is broken, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclonic_separation&oldid=1090965469, Articles with dead external links from January 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from November 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking in-text citations from October 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 June 2022, at 12:13. troubleshooting but gives errors up to 40% vs experiments, depending Top 5 New 3. optimization However, P e" h | . 1. The rotation is produced by the tangential or involuted introduction of fluid into the vessel. In the food industry for the separation of agglomerated particles and for the separation of starch and protein. for the density of the fluid, the buoyant force is: In this case, The secondary air flow also allows the collector to optionally be mounted horizontally, because it pushes the particulate toward the collection area, and does not rely solely on gravity to perform this function. Manufacturing several small cyclones in this arrangement versus much larger cyclones also offers cost savings and a more compact, manageable system. for a particular application is not always well understood and only 0000004199 00000 n In concrete production, for example, abrasive alumina particles heated to 1,400F may slam into the cyclone at 60 mph non-stop for five years. Cost the system and optimize to make the best use of pressure drop available,or , if a blower is required, to give the lowest operating cost. usually in the order of 3 (+/- 1). In these early catalytic crackers, for example, cyclones allowed chemical catalysts to be recovered and reused for extended production runs, increased overall efficiency and savings on costs. If unsatisfactory try a smaller diameter. For different types of inlet or higher dust loads, some + . As the cyclone is essentially a two phase particle-fluid system, fluid mechanics and particle transport equations can be used to describe the behaviour of a cyclone. For cleaning flue gases from Power Plants by the removal of particulate material. 0000003257 00000 n mixing Cyclones are also used in oil refineries to separate oils and gases, and in the cement industry as components of kiln preheaters. A factor is used in the calculation and is T h e y a r e s u i t a b l e f o r s e p a r a t i n g p a r t i c l e s a b o u t 5 m i n d i a m e t e r ; s m a l l e r p a r t i c l e s d o w n t o a b o u t 0 .